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King Henry VII, the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty, reigned over England from 1485 to 1509. His claim to the throne was relatively weak, based on his mother Margaret Beaufort's descent from Edward III, and he cemented his rule through victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, defeating Richard III.

His marriage to Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, strategically united the Houses of Lancaster and York, ending the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII focused on restoring royal finances, implementing efficient tax collection and avoiding costly wars.

Known for his shrewdness and sometimes ruthless policies, he suppressed rebellions and controlled powerful nobles, establishing a strong centralized monarchy. His reign laid the foundation for the prosperity and power of the Tudor dynasty, exemplified by his son, Henry VIII.