COL133

2013

Other

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, more commonly known as Caligula, was the third Roman Emperor, ruling from 37 to 41 AD. He belonged to the Julio-Claudian dynasty, succeeding his great-uncle Tiberius.

Born in Antium, his childhood was spent primarily in military camps, earning him the nickname "Caligula," meaning "little soldier's boot," from the legionaries. His early reign was initially well-received, marked by popular reforms like reinstating exiled citizens and abolishing certain taxes.

However, his rule took a dramatic turn, often attributed to illness, potentially encephalitis. Caligula became known for his alleged extravagance, cruelty, and erratic behavior. Accounts describe him declaring himself a living god, engaging in lavish spending, and ordering senseless executions.

While the extent of these claims remains debated due to historical biases, Caligula's increasingly autocratic style alienated the Senate, the aristocracy, and the Praetorian Guard. He was assassinated in 41 AD by a conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard, bringing his reign to a violent end.