N046

2023

Military

Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745-1813) was a prominent Russian field marshal, renowned for his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. He began his military career in the 1760s, participating in campaigns against Poland and the Ottoman Empire, where he suffered a severe head wound that blinded him in one eye.

Kutuzov held several key military and diplomatic positions throughout his career. He served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire and governor of Saint Petersburg. He commanded troops in numerous battles, gaining a reputation for strategic thinking and pragmatism.

His most significant achievement was his role in defeating Napoleon's Grande Armée during the 1812 invasion of Russia. Employing a strategy of attrition and scorched earth, Kutuzov allowed the harsh Russian winter to decimate the French forces after the indecisive Battle of Borodino. He skillfully avoided a decisive engagement that could have jeopardized the Russian army.

Although criticized by some for his cautious approach, Kutuzov's strategy ultimately proved successful. His leadership contributed significantly to Napoleon's defeat, solidifying his place as a national hero in Russia. He died in 1813 while pursuing the retreating French army in Silesia.