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2023

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Gongsun Zan, a figure from the late Eastern Han Dynasty, is primarily known for his role in Luo Guanzhong's historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Born in Liaoxi Commandery, he rose to prominence as a military commander, renowned for his cavalry, particularly the elite "White Horse Volunteers." Gongsun Zan initially gained recognition for his campaigns against the Wuhuan and Xianbei nomadic tribes along the northern border.

In the chaotic years following the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Gongsun Zan established his own power base in northern China. He engaged in a protracted conflict with Yuan Shao, a powerful warlord who controlled much of the Central Plains. This rivalry was a central plot point in the early stages of the novel.

Despite early successes, Gongsun Zan's leadership grew increasingly tyrannical and isolated. He focused on defense within his walled cities, becoming detached from his people. He was ultimately defeated and besieged by Yuan Shao at Yi Jing. Rather than surrender, Gongsun Zan chose to commit suicide by setting himself on fire, bringing an end to his faction and influence.